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Jul 29, 2026
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Abstract

Indonesia's rapidly ageing population faces an increasing risk of multidimensional energy poverty (MEP) due to limited household resources and persistent disparities in infrastructure and energy access. This study provides a descriptive and correlational assessment of MEP among individuals aged 60 years and above using pooled data from the 2019–2021 National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas). An individual-level MEP index is constructed following the Alkire–Foster counting methodology across six dimensions: cooking, lighting, household appliances, education and entertainment, communication, and travel. At the conventional deprivation cut-off (k = 0.3), 72.0% of the 356,611 elderly individuals in the pooled sample are classified as multidimensionally energy poor. Descriptive comparisons show that MEP is most strongly associated with lower household expenditure, fewer years of schooling, rural residence, limited access to tap water, and lower rates of migration and land ownership, whereas house ownership is not significantly associated with MEP. Correlation analysis further identifies three broad patterns of association among the explanatory variables, corresponding to household roles, socioeconomic development, and asset ownership, while indicating no evidence of severe multicollinearity. Overall, household economic resources, educational attainment, and access to basic infrastructure emerge as the characteristics most strongly associated with MEP among Indonesia's elderly population. These findings provide an accessible and easily replicable evidence base for identifying vulnerable groups and may inform the targeting of energy assistance programmes and the implementation of Indonesia's Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) agenda.

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How to Cite
Suhendra, S. (2026). Multidimensional Energy Poverty (MEP) among Older Adults in Indonesia: Descriptive Evidence and Correlation Analysis. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Statistik Indonesia, 6(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.11594/jesi.06.01.01

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