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Jul 24, 2024
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Aug 31, 2024
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Abstract
The global population will soon be in the aging phase due to the rapid growth of the elderly population aged 60 years and over. The biggest problems experienced by the elderly group are health problems and economic problems. So that the elderly, especially the poor, need not only health insurance, but also cash and non-cash social assistance to maintain and improve their health conditions. This study aims to determine how the effect of social assistance received by the household on the health condition of the elderly in the household. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis with bivariate probit model. The data used is cross sectional data from the March 2021 National Social and Economic Survey. The results show that social assistance PKH has negative effect on the health problem condition of the elderly. Meanwhile, the other independent variables showed that they also has negative effect on the health problem condition of the elderly, such as housing conditions, education, the ratio of hospital beds to the population, and the characteristics of the head of the household.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Gusmastuti, N., & Widyawati, D. (2024). The Effect of Social Assistance on the Health Conditions of the Elderly Case Study Analysis of the National Social and Economic Survey. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Statistik Indonesia, 4(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.11594/jesi.04.01.01
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Aguiar, B., & Macário, R. (2017). The need for an Elderly centred mobility policy. Transportation Research Procedia, 25, 4355–4369. https://doi.org/https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.309
Angrist Pischke, Jorn-Steffen., J. D. (2009). Mostly harmless econometrics : an empiricist’s companion. Princeton University Press. http://www.dawsonera.com/ depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView /S9781400829828.
Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. (2020). Indikator Perumahan dan Kesehatan Lingkungan 2020. Badan Pusat Statistik.
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Bloom, D. E., Boersch-Supan, A., McGee, P., & Seike, A. (2011). Population aging: facts, challenges, and responses. Benefits and Compensation International, 41(1), 22.
Bound, J., Schoenbaum, M., Stinebrickner, T. R., & Waidmann, T. (1999). The dynamic effects of health on the labor force transitions of older workers. Labour Economics, 6(2), 179–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-5371(99)00015-9
BPS-Statistics Indonesia. (2021). Penghitungan dan Analisis Kemiskinan Makro Indonesia Tahun 2021. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2021/11/30/9c24f43365d1e41c8619dfe4/penghitungan-dan-analisis-kemiskinan-makro-indonesia-tahun-2021.html
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BPS. (2020b). Statistik Penduduk Lanjut Usia (Issue Jakarta).
BPS Statistics Indonesia. (2018). Proyeksi Penduduk Indonesia 2015 - 2045. BPS.
Cheng, L., Liu, H., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, Z. (2018). The health implications of social pensions: Evidence from China’s new rural pension scheme. Journal of Comparative Economics, 46(1), 53–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2016.12.002
Cutler, D. M., & Lleras-Muney, A. (2010). Understanding differences in health behaviors by education. Journal of Health Economics, 29(1), 1–28.
Djamhari, E. A., Ramdlaningrum, H., Layyinah, A., Chrisnahutama, A., & Prasetya, D. (2020). Kondisi Kesejahteraan Lansia dan Perlindungan Sosial Lansia di Indonesia.
Desvigne. (2018). Social protection for older persons: Policy trends and statistics 2017-19 Social Protection Department International Labour Office. www.ilo.org/publns.
Hanandita, W., & Tampubolon, G. (2014). Does poverty reduce mental health? An instrumental variable analysis. Social Science and Medicine, 113, 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.005
Hidayatina, A., & Garces-Ozanne, A. (2019). Can cash transfers mitigate child labour? Evidence from Indonesia’s cash transfer programme for poor students in Java. World Development Perspectives, 15(July), 100129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2019.100129.
Holzmann, R., & Hinz, R. (2005). Old-Age Income Support in the 21st Century. In Old-Age Income Support in the 21st Century (Issue June). https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-6040-x
Ikira, M., & Ezzrari, A. (2021). Evaluating the impact of conditional cash transfer programs: Evidence from Morocco. American Journal of Educational Research, 9(5), 320–329.
Kassouf, A. L., & Hoffmann, R. (2006). Work-Related Injuries Involving Children and Adolescents: Application of a Recursive Bivariate Probit Model. Brazilian Review of Econometrics, 26(1), 105. https://doi.org/10.12660/bre.v26n12006.2499
Kementerian Dalam Negeri. (2018). Pedoman Khusus Pengelolaan Pengaduan Bantuan Sosial Pangan.
Kementerian Sosial. (2021). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Program Keluarga Harapan Tahun 2021. In Kementerian Sosial Republik Indonesia (p. 76).
Kidd, S., Gelders, B., Rahayu, S. K., Larasati, D., Huda, K., & Siyaranamual, M. (2017). Social Protection for Elderly People in Indonesia. 2–5.
Kuhn, A. (2018). The complex effects of retirement on health. IZA World of Labor, March, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.430.
Link, B., & Phelan, J. (2010). Social conditions as fundamental causes of health inequalities. Handbook of Medical Sociology, Sixth Edition, 51(1_suppl), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16h2n9s.4.
Lindiasari, P., & Ramadhani, A. W. (2019). Efektifitas Bantuan Sosial Dalam Penanggulangan Kemiskinan. Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi Darussalam, 5(1).
Lloyd-Sherlock, P., & Agrawal, S. (2014). Pensions and the health of older people in South Africa: is there an effect? The Journal of Development Studies, 50(11), 1570–1586.
Ma, X., & Oshio, T. (2020). The impact of social insurance on health among middle-aged and older adults in rural China: a longitudinal study using a three-wave nationwide survey. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09945-2.
Owusu-Addo, E., Renzaho, A. M. N., & Smith, B. J. (2018). The impact of cash transfers on social determinants of health and health inequalities in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Health Policy and Planning, 33(5), 675–696.
Putra, Purnamadewi, & Sahara. (2015). DAMPAK PROGRAM BANTUAN SOSIAL The effect Of Social Aid To Economic Growth And Poverty. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 17(3), 161–171.
Ramos-Jiménez, A., Hernández-Torres, R. P., Wall-Medrano, A., Muñoz-Daw, M. D., Torres-Durán, P. V, & Juárez-Oropeza, M. A. (2009). Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of intensive Hatha Yoga training in middle-aged and older women from northern Mexico. International Journal of Yoga, 2(2), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6131.60044
Robertson, A., & Tracy, C. S. (1998). Health and productivity of older workers. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 24(2), 85–97. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40966742
Sari, O. A., & Nachrowi, N. D. (2022). Pengaruh Kerawanan Pangan, Bantuan Pangan dan Jaminan Kesehatan terhadap Keluhan Kesehatan. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan Indonesia, 22(1), 1–15.
SMERU Research Institute. (2020). Situasi Lansia di Indonesia dan Akses terhadap Program Perlindungan Sosial: Analisis Data Sekunder.
Sutinah, S., & Maulani, M. (2017). Hubungan pendidikan, jenis kelamin dan status perkawinan dengan depresi pada lansia. Jurnal Endurance: Kajian Ilmiah Problema Kesehatan, 2(2), 209–216.
Tampubolon, G., & Hanandita, W. (2014). Poverty and mental health in indonesia. Social Science and Medicine, 106, 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.012
United Nations. (2019). World Population Prospects 2019. https://doi.org/10.3406/tiers.1983.4290